Pharmacology and Pathophysiology: Hypertension, Allergies, Burns, and Hair Disorders Practice Test

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• Which of the following is a sign that suggests burn wound infection?
• Silver-containing dressings in burn care are primarily used for what purpose?
• Montelukast may have which rare adverse effects?
• Uncontrolled hypertension is most strongly linked to which type of stroke?
• Classical antihistamines primarily block which receptor?
• What is the mechanism of action of cromolyn sodium and in which allergic conditions is it commonly used?
• Which statements describe migraines?
• Provide an example of a hair shaft disorder treated pharmacologically and its basic mechanism.
• Which type of burn is treated differently by avoiding irrigation with water?
• Which factor contributes to loss of muscle and bone strength with age?
• Which medication is a loop diuretic commonly associated with hypokalemia?
• Which is a first-line analgesic for moderate to severe burn pain?
• Which enzyme converts testosterone to DHT?
• Which adverse effect is more commonly associated with finasteride than with minoxidil?
• What best describes a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
• Albuterol is primarily used as what type of medication?
• Which condition is often referred to as the silent killer due to lack of symptoms?
• What is the middle layer of an artery called?
• Which statement best describes the role of alpha-1 blockers in hypertension?
• Which brand name corresponds to Loratadine?
• Which sequence correctly describes the order of migraine stages as prodrome, aura, pain, and postdrome?
• Which term refers to the part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord?
• Which is a potential sexual side effect of finasteride therapy?
• Which structure is part of the central nervous system?
• Pseudoephedrine is commonly used for nasal congestion but should be avoided in patients with which condition?
• What are three common treatments for heartburn?
• Which heart layer is the outermost layer of the heart?
• Which room type is designed to contain airborne infections and maintain negative pressure?
• Tessalon Pearls are best described as which type of medication?
• In traumatic brain injury terminology, where does a coup injury occur?
• Distinguish hypertensive urgency from hypertensive emergency and outline a management principle to avoid excessive BP reductions.
• Why is the diaphysis often the site of fractures?
• Osteoclasts being more active than osteoblasts contributes to what change in bone with aging?
• Narcan is also known as which medication?
• Which statement accurately describes the role of intralesional corticosteroids in localized alopecia areata?
• Which condition can cause a hemorrhagic stroke?
• Which statement about minoxidil adverse effects is correct?
• Which statement about finasteride and minoxidil adverse effects is true?
• Oxygen is given in unstable angina if oxygen saturation is below what value?
• Compare first-generation and second-generation antihistamines in terms of CNS penetration and typical clinical use.
• Which layer is the middle muscular layer of the heart responsible for contraction?
• What is the medical diagnosis for heartburn?
• How are tinea capitis infections treated pharmacologically and what are distinguishing clinical features?
• What are common adverse effects associated with long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy and with chronic high-dose inhaled corticosteroids?
• What is the mechanism of action of minoxidil in promoting hair growth and what are common topical adverse effects?
• Which topical antimicrobial used in burns is associated with metabolic acidosis as a potential adverse effect?
• Which disease is known as the 'Great Pretender'?
• Describe the IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity mechanism and the mediators released during the effector phase.
• Which heart layer contracts to generate the heartbeat?
• How do leukotriene receptor antagonists contribute to allergy management and asthma control?
• Which option lists the correct identification for the concept of dermatomes as described?
• How does finasteride work and why avoid in pregnancy?
• The three layers of the heart from outer to inner are Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium.
• Which statement accurately describes DHT suppression by dutasteride compared with finasteride and its potential clinical implication?
• What are potential antiandrogen agents used in women with hirsutism beyond spironolactone, and what cautions apply?
• Metatarsals are bones located in which part of the skeleton?
• Stable chest pain is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart due to which condition?
• Which statement correctly contrasts inhaled corticosteroids with systemic corticosteroids regarding indication, systemic exposure, and common adverse effects?
• Which dressing option maintains a moist wound environment?
• Which statement about ARBs is true?
• Which statement about ACE inhibitors is true?
• Describe the role of DHT in androgenetic alopecia.
• What is a common first-line pharmacologic therapy for localized alopecia areata and what is the rationale?
• Describe a practical approach to evaluating a patient with suspected androgenetic alopecia, including history, examination, and initial pharmacologic options.
• What is the primary cause of brain swelling?
• Which burn type is caused by exposure to hot liquids?
• Which statement about ACE inhibitors is true?
• Which heart layer lines the inner chamber surfaces and is the innermost layer?
• Which side effect is commonly associated with beta-agonist bronchodilators such as albuterol?
• Stable chest pain is usually worsened by which factor?
• Who should avoid handling crushed finasteride tablets due to fetal risk?
• What type of room is required for TB or COVID-19 patients?
• Which statement about adverse effects of finasteride is accurate?
• Which adverse effect is commonly associated with topical minoxidil use?
• Which statement best describes a key counseling point for topical minoxidil use?
• Which laboratory parameters should be monitored when a patient is on a thiazide diuretic?
• What sound is associated with fluid in the alveoli?
• Renal sodium handling abnormalities contribute to essential hypertension by which mechanism?
• Burn severity is primarily determined by which factors?
• Loratadine is classified as which type of antihistamine?
• Metacarpals are bones located in which region?
• Which dressing maintains a moist wound environment?
• Coup injuries occur at the point of impact.
• How is resistant hypertension defined and what steps are typically taken to evaluate and manage it?
• Referred pain is pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates.
• What indicates the onset of a migraine?
• Which outcome may occur with topical minoxidil beyond the treated scalp area?
• Which statement best describes the primary site of action of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?
• Why should decongestants such as pseudoephedrine be used cautiously in patients with hypertension or arrhythmias?
• Narcan is also called which medication?
• Finasteride primarily inhibits which 5-alpha-reductase isoenzyme, and what is a key safety consideration?
• What is the primary risk of taking Lasix (furosemide)?
• Which statement best differentiates osteoarthritis from rheumatoid arthritis?
• How does burn depth classification inform initial management and prognosis?
• What should a patient do before taking nitroglycerin?
• Which mineral can affect iron absorption?
• Which statement best describes considerations for using beta blockers in hypertension?
• Which of the following is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system?
• Grafting is considered for which burns?
• For which non-asthma condition is omalizumab indicated in selected cases?
• What nutritional strategy supports recovery after major burns?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a major pathway contributing to essential hypertension?
• Theophylline belongs to which class of bronchodilators?
• What is the Parkland formula and how is it applied for burn fluid resuscitation?
• Which of the following is listed as a supplemental medication for cardiac conditions?
• Which of the following is NOT a listed supplemental medication for cardiac conditions?
• Which statement defines a severe concussion (Grade 3) based on LOC and associated symptoms?
• In evaluating resistant hypertension, which steps are typically recommended?
• Which statement correctly describes antihypertensive management in pregnancy?
• What factors commonly trigger telogen effluvium and how is it differentiated from other forms of hair loss?
• What are the risks of taking both Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen together?
• Emergency management for unstable angina includes which of the following?
• What is a key safety consideration when prescribing finasteride for androgenetic alopecia in men?
• Which of the following is described as a concussion symptom in the material?
• Which statement accurately contrasts thiazide diuretics with loop diuretics in hypertension management?
• Which parenteral vasodilator is primarily associated with reflex tachycardia and fluid retention as adverse effects?
• What is a potential pregnancy-related fetal risk associated with finasteride if exposure occurs during pregnancy?
• In burn patients with unknown or incomplete tetanus immunization and a tetanus-prone wound, which prophylaxis is indicated?
• Systolic blood pressure represents which phase of the cardiac cycle?
• In allergic asthma, what is the role of short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) and what safety considerations apply to frequent use?
• Which statement best describes pregnancy counseling for finasteride exposure?
• MDI stands for which device in inhaler technology?
• Endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension is characterized by which of the following?
• What sound indicates an upper airway obstruction?
• Which of the following is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat heartburn?
• A key counseling point for patients using topical minoxidil is to monitor tolerance and adherence to assess ongoing effectiveness.
• Omalizumab is best described as which type of agent and for which conditions is it typically indicated?
• What is considered a normal blood pressure reading?
• How is spironolactone used in hirsutism and what are key safety considerations?
• Alopecia refers to which condition?
• Contrecoup injuries occur on the opposite side of the skull due to rebound.
• Theophylline is used for which conditions?
• Which burn depth is most likely to require grafting for proper healing?
• How do the mechanisms of minoxidil and finasteride differ in promoting hair growth?
• Which of the following is a predisposing factor for strokes?
• What is a major difference between ACC/AHA 2017 or later guidelines and older JNC guidelines regarding BP targets?
• Decerebrate posturing is characterized by which description?
• In migraine progression, which phase is the premonitory stage?
• Hypertension increases the risk of which major events?
• In a blood pressure reading of 120/80, which value represents the diastolic pressure?
• In hypertensive patients needing analgesia, which option is preferred to minimize BP elevation?
• During mast cell degranulation in an immediate hypersensitivity reaction, which mediator is primarily responsible for itching, edema, and bronchoconstriction?
• Diastolic blood pressure represents the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.
• Diphenhydramine is commonly sold under which brand name?
• Which statement best describes the monitoring requirement for subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT)?
• Which parameters are key to monitor in patients on RAAS inhibitors and diuretics?
• How does epinephrine function in anaphylaxis and what is the recommended initial route of administration?
• What does the acronym CNS stand for?
• Which diuretic class is preferred for edema from heart failure and resistant hypertension?
• Unstable chest pain features include which of the following?
• Systemic antibiotics are indicated in burn wounds under which circumstances?
• What typically relieves stable chest pain?
• What is the role and common considerations of intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis?
• What is the primary goal of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for environmental allergies, and what are key safety considerations?
• Which adverse effect is most characteristic of chronic high-dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy?
• Compare topical antimicrobials used in burns, focusing on spectrum, tissue penetration, and cautions between silver sulfadiazine and mafenide acetate.
• Which of the following is NOT a listed adverse effect of finasteride?
• Which is the outermost layer of an artery?
• Loratadine is sold under which brand name?
• How do NSAIDs influence blood pressure control and the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy?
• Loratadine is best described as a medication that is typically taken how?
• Which statement best describes the difference between dutasteride and finasteride in androgenetic alopecia regarding 5-alpha-reductase inhibition and potential efficacy?
• Diphenhydramine commonly causes which side effect?
• Alopecia is best defined as what?
• Which statement accurately summarizes adverse effects counseling for finasteride and minoxidil?
• Which of the following is a commonly used antihistamine with the brand name Benadryl?
• Which option is NOT one of the hypertension-related risks listed?
• Which preventive strategy reduces contractures in burn injuries?
• Which two parenteral vasodilators are commonly used in hypertensive emergencies and what are their mechanisms?
• Which crystalloid fluid is commonly recommended for initial burn resuscitation and why?
• Diphenhydramine is more likely to cause which effect compared with second-generation antihistamines?
• Mention recent pharmacologic advances in alopecia areata and their mechanism of action.
• Which of the following best describes GERD?
• What does FAST stand for in recognizing stroke symptoms?
• In androgenetic alopecia, what happens to the anagen phase?
• What are the four main classes of antihypertensives?
• In medical terminology, what does 'global disease' refer to?
• What is a primary goal of early wound coverage in burn care?
• The spinal cord is part of which body system?
• Which exposure scenario would require caution due to potential fetal risk with finasteride?